Umm Daraj : The rehabilitation of an ancient dam

This project was financed by Aqaba Special Economic Zone Autority (ASEZA).

The Umm Daraj dam, located near the village of Ramm in the desert, gets its name from a staircase carved into the rock. These steps, initially hidden by sand, were uncovered during the dam's excavation. They consist of six steps on the left bank wall, providing access to the reservoir's bottom. The steps were used for maintenance purposes such as cleaning, plaster repairs, and monitoring. They may have also served as access points to the water when the reservoir level was low.

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In 2011, our team began excavating the Umm Daraj dam.

• The project involved studying the filling process.
• The excavation aimed to obtain datable materials for understanding the chronological sequence of the filling and to provide an additional dam for the local community.
• As recent dams have become privately owned, the less fortunate rely on the generosity of others who allow them to use their dams for their livestock. In this case, a Bedouin requested the excavation to benefit those who don't have their own dam.

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The rainwater retention techniques observed in Wādī Ramm share similarities with those found in Petra and other areas of Jordan. Restoration work on the traditional hydraulic system at Tal Remah showed resemblances to techniques used in Titin. Another study conducted at Titin highlighted ecological challenges and the need for rehabilitating traditional hydraulic systems. Restoring such structures could greatly assist the local population in accessing water and address climate change concerns. Additionally, these studies contribute to understanding ancient hydraulic systems and provide extra water reservoirs for the benefit of the community. The historical significance of such operations is exemplified by the Al-Kharaza and Umm Daraj dams, built by the Nabateans to supply water for caravans passing through the region.

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